
Preface by Huang Liling, Chiang Ying-Hui and Chan Kim Ching
Highly recommended by Taiwanese YouTuber Super Y
founder of cultural media The Kongner and Happy Kongner, Micah
and Hong Kong and Taiwan scholars Ng Mee-kam, Tsang Chung-kin, Tang Wing-sing, and William D. H. Li
Housing is essential for modern living, yet property prices continue to soar, making it nearly impossible for the millennial generation to step onto the property ladder without parental support.
But why do property prices remain persistently high?
Some claim it is due to “insufficient supply,” while others blame “excessive immigration.” However, the author of this book, leading economist Josh Ryan-Collins, boldly examines the issue from the economic concepts of “land” and “money,” putting forward the theory of the “housing-finance feedback cycle.” Banks’ unlimited credit expansion funnels money into land—an irreplaceable and limited resource—driving up property prices and transforming housing from a basic necessity into a speculative asset. As financial regulations are further relaxed, banks securitise mortgage loans for public trading, binding the entire globe to this endless cycle.
Such practices have left economies overburdened with debt and increasingly unstable. The 2008 subprime mortgage crisis is a clear example of the disastrous outcome of the housing-finance feedback cycle. What historical and social conditions led governments and the general public to willingly participate in this game of “musical chairs”? And what kinds of reforms are needed to prevent the next financial crisis?
This little book provides a clear and comprehensive explanation of the functions of land, the history of homeownership, and how the financial sector and governments have collaborated to address public debt while simultaneously fuelling an infinite rise in mortgage loans. Want to understand why you can’t afford a home and why your income can never catch up with property prices? Beyond the false narrative of “young people not working hard enough,” this book offers a more accurate and in-depth analysis.
Original title: Why Can’t You Afford a Home?
Author: Josh Ryan-Collins
Translator: Xie Lina
Editor: Enoch Yee-lok Tam
Art & Design︰So Lai Ping and Hsu Wai Lun@mmmmor studio
Edition: First edition, July 2021
ISBN: 978-988-74161-6-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.70783/whycantyouaffordahome
Page: 150
Price: HK$88
Language: Complex Chinese
Content
Recommendations
Preface
Unveiling the Emperor’s New Clothes of Contemporary Capitalism / Huang Liling
Rethinking Housing Policy Systems: Reflections on Future Policy Reforms / Chiang Ying-Hui
Believing That Land Supply Alone Can Solve Housing Issues? Utterly Superficial / Chan Kim Ching
About the Author
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
2 Land, Home-Ownership and the Problem of Economic Rent
3 The Housing-Finance Feedback Cycle and the Deregulation of Finance
4 How and Why Economic Policy Went Astray
5 Breaking the Housing-Finance Feedback Cycle
6 Conclusion
About the author
Josh Ryan–Collins
Josh Ryan-Collins is Head of Research at the Institute of Innovation and Public Purpose, University College London, a new research and policy centre focused on how the public sector can shape and create markets to deliver public value. He was previously Senior Economist at the New Economics Foundation (NEF), one of the UK’s leading think tanks, where he worked for ten years and led a program of research focused on the role of money and land in the economy.
Josh has written two previous co-authored books: Where Does Money Come From? (2011, NEF), now used as a textbook in many universities; and Rethinking the Economics of Housing and Land (2017, Zed Books), which was included in the Financial Times’ top 12 economics books of 2017. He holds a PhD in economics and finance from the University of Southampton Business School and has published in academic journals including Nature: Climate Change and the British Journal of Sociology.
He lives in Brixton, South London with his partner and daughter.
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Recommendations
This book offers an important yet often overlooked perspective on Hong Kong’s housing crisis. I encourage everyone to read this concise and impactful work. Perhaps the next time someone asks you why you can’t afford a home, you’ll be able to provide a more nuanced response: it’s not just about high land prices or urban efficiency. It’s also about policies that direct financial capital towards meaningful and sustainable production and ensure that housing is for living, not speculation.
──Ng Mee-kam, Programme Director of Urban Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
The housing crisis has reached a point where governments can no longer ignore public anger over housing shortages and generational inequality. Past housing policies have made societies more insecure, inefficient, and inequitable. At this juncture, can we break free from the obsession with home ownership? It’s time to consider reimagining the housing market entirely.
Through the critical questions raised by the author, this book allows us to rethink the past policies and systems that have brought us here. I sincerely recommend this book to more readers, hoping it inspires greater participation in the future reform of housing policies!
──Chiang Yinghui, Assistant Professor, Department of Land Economics, National Chengchi University, Taiwan
The author explains in detail that the real reason why people can’t afford homes isn’t due to the “poverty” that creates personal tragedies, nor is it an unchangeable fate. Instead, it stems from the systemic disorder of late capitalist economies. It’s the endless cycle of mortgages driving the relentless rise in property prices. It’s the societal mainstream that constructs the illusion of home ownership as the key to a good life, perpetuating a bubble-like lie.
This book is the sharp needle that bursts the bubble.
──Micah, Co-founder of The Kongner and Happy Kongner
To truly explain why land issues are considered “deep-seated problems,” we need more than a geographical understanding of where suitable land is in Hong Kong. We also need, as this book demonstrates, a global-to-local political-economic perspective. To put it bluntly, the belief that increasing land supply alone can solve the housing problem is nothing more than shallow political rhetoric designed to delay action indefinitely—a belief that only schoolchildren taught “Hong Kong has little land and too many people” would accept.
This book provides a perspective that hits the mark, offering insights into local realities. Let’s see if this thoughtfully translated edition can spark a new wave of thinking about housing issues.
──Chan Kim Ching, Research at the Liber Research Community
Rising property prices are not unique to Hong Kong; similar trends are seen in other major global cities. This book succinctly analyses the shared driving forces behind these trends—namely, the financialisation of housing that began in the 1970s—and attempts to propose solutions. This is a must-read for anyone concerned about housing and land issues.
──Tsang Chung-kin, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University
Finally, the Chinese-speaking world has a clear and accessible book on the issue of house prices!
Ryan-Collins explains the historical reasons behind high property prices through the lens of land price and economic development. He examines how the “freedom” brought by financial liberalisation has instead enslaved people to mortgages and made them victims of real estate bubbles. The book dismantles the myth often touted by governments that “real estate is the engine of economic growth,” highlighting how the “housing-finance feedback cycle” exploits the public.
──SuperY, Taiwanese Book Review YouTuber
In these turbulent times, the message of this book rings like a wake-up call. I’m delighted to see the publication of its Chinese edition. Over the past decade, Taiwan’s housing movements have advocated for housing rights and social equality, and their policy perspectives closely align with those of the author. However, progress has been limited by the lobbying of developers and the narrow-mindedness of bureaucrats.
With the insights from this book, we can further affirm the value of these movements. I also hope this book’s exploration of the history and reality of home ownership will help society better understand the core contradictions of capitalism and move towards a more equitable future.
──Huang Li-ling, Associate Professor, Graduate Institute of Building and Planning, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
The author presents a novel analysis of the “housing-finance feedback cycle,” dissecting the roles of banks and land in the economy to explain a problem that traditional economic theories and policies fail to address. Using historical experiences and statistical data from Western societies, the author provides a clear and accessible narrative on the housing crisis and the steps that led to today’s challenges.
When reading this book, comparing its insights to local circumstances could help formulate effective, context-specific solutions. With this, the crisis may yet be resolved.
──Tang Wing-shing, President of the Hong Kong Critical Geography Society, Emeritus Professor of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, and Columnist for Ming Pao’s “Thought Currents”:
This book analyses the relentless rise in property prices and how housing and real estate, through the housing-finance feedback cycle, have become central to contemporary financial capitalism. It also outlines viable government responses to high property prices. Highly recommended.
──William D. H. Li, Professor, Department of Sociology, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan
Praises and Reviews
In Summary, to pursue economic growth, governments and banks have shifted priorities. Banks, seeking lower-risk profits compared to lending to businesses, have significantly increased the proportion of loans allocated to mortgage lending rather than corporate loans. This has made it easier for people to borrow money to buy homes, creating the potential and expectation for rising property and land prices. This, in turn, attracts even more people to purchase homes, leading to the issuance of even more mortgages.
Although the book primarily focuses on Western countries, parallels can be drawn with contemporary Chinese history. Since the 1994 tax reform in China, local governments have relied heavily on revenue from land sales, while GDP-focused performance evaluations have fostered a “land finance” model. This system has created a symbiotic relationship between land revenue and rising property prices.
The exploration of housing loans is arguably the essence of this book, with more than half its pages dedicated to explaining how mortgages have steadily driven up house prices. When property price increases outpace income growth, buying a home becomes extremely difficult. In response, governments have introduced mortgage schemes to make home ownership more accessible.
While textbooks often describe banks as institutions that channel deposits into investments, earning interest in the process, the reality is quite different. Compared to lending to uncertain business ventures, offering mortgage loans is far more stable. Consequently, an increasing proportion of bank lending is directed towards mortgages, reducing banks’ ability to support industrial investments. At the same time, households burdened with mortgage repayments see their purchasing power decline, which further stifles the growth of other industries.
In Why Can’t You Afford a Home?, economist Ryan-Collins analyses the global rise in property prices and explains how housing and real estate markets, driven by mortgage lending and financial policies, have created a “housing-finance feedback cycle.” The book also examines housing policies in countries like South Korea and Singapore, offering potential solutions to break this cycle.